Neonates

Association between Furosemide Exposure and Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Hospitalized Infants of Very Low Birth Weight

Posted on by Kayla Korzekwinski

The Journal of Pediatrics • August 2018

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Thompson EJ, Greenberg RG, Kumar K, Laughon M, Smith PB, Clark RH, Crowell A, Shaw L, Harrison L, Scales G, Bell N, Hornik CP

This study evaluated the association between furosemide exposure and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in a large, contemporary cohort of hospitalized infants with very low birth weight (VLBW). Furosemide exposure was not associated with increased odds of PDA treatment in hospitalized infants of VLBW. Further studies are needed to characterize the efficacy and safety of furosemide in premature infants.

A pharmacokinetic model for amiodarone in infants developed from an opportunistic sampling trial and published literature data

Posted on by Kayla Korzekwinski

Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics • June 2018

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Dallefeld SH, Atz AM, Yogev R, Sullivan JE, Al-Uzri A, Mendley SR, Laughon M, Hornik CP, Melloni C, Harper B, Lewandowski A, Mitchell J, Wu H, Green TP, Cohen-Wolkowiez M.

Amiodarone is a first-line antiarrhythmic for life-threatening ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia in children, yet little is known about its pharmacokinetics (PK) in this population. We developed a population PK (PopPK) model using samples collected via an opportunistic study design of children receiving amiodarone per standard of care supplemented by amiodarone PK data from the literature.

Comparative Analysis of Ampicillin Plasma and Dried Blood Spot Pharmacokinetics in Neonates

Posted on by Kayla Korzekwinski

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring • February 2018

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Le J, Poindexter B, Sullivan JE, Laughon M, Delmore P, Blackford M, Yogev R, James LP, Melloni C, Harper B, Mitchell J, Benjamin DK Jr, Boakye-Agyeman F, Cohen-Wolkowiez M.

Dried blood spot (DBS) is a practical sampling strategy for pharmacokinetic studies in neonates. The utility of DBS to determine the population pharmacokinetics (pop-PK) of ampicillin, as well as accuracy versus plasma samples, was evaluated. An open-label, multicenter, opportunistic, prospective study was conducted in neonates.

A Weight Estimation Strategy for Preterm and Full-Term Infants

Posted on by Kayla Korzekwinski

Global Pediatric Health • December 2017

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Abdel-Rahman SM, Paul IM, Delmore P, James L, Fearn L, Atz A, Poindexter B, Al-Uzri A, Lewandowski A, Harper B, Smith PB.

Weight is the foremost marker of health outcomes in infants; however, the majority of community workers and health care providers in remote, resource-constrained settings have limited access to functional scales. This study develops and validates a simple weight estimation strategy for infants that addresses the limitations of current approaches.

An anthropometric survey of US pre-term and full-term neonates

Posted on by Kayla Korzekwinski

Annals of Human Biology • December 2017

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Abdel-Rahman SM, Paul IM, Delmore P, James L, Fearn L, Atz AM, Poindexter BB, Al-Uzri A, Lewandowski A, Harper BL, Smith PB; Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act – Pediatric Trials Network.

Anthropometric data prove valuable for screening and monitoring various medical conditions. In young infants, however, only weight, length and head circumference are represented in publicly accessible databases. Our aim was to characterise length and circumferential measures in pre-term and full-term infants up to 90 days post-natal.

Association between early echocardiography, therapy for patent ductus arteriosus, and outcomes in very low birth weight infants

Posted on by Kayla Korzekwinski

Cardiology in the Young • November 2017

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Lee JH, Greenberg RG, Quek BH, Clark RH, Laughon MM, Smith PB, Hornik CP

In very low birth weight infants, persistence of a patent ductus arteriosus results in morbidity and mortality. Therapies to close the ductus are effective, but clinical outcomes may depend on the accuracy of diagnosis and the timing of administration. The objective of the present study was to characterise the association between early echocardiography, therapy for patent ductus arteriosus, and outcomes in very low birth weight infants.

Use of Population Pharmacokinetics and Electronic Health Records to Assess Piperacillin-Tazobactam Safety in Infants

Posted on by Kayla Korzekwinski

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal • September 2017

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Salerno S, Hornik CP, Cohen-Wolkowiez M, Smith PB, Ku LC, Kelly MS, Clark R, Gonzalez D; Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act–Pediatric Trials Network Steering Committee.

Piperacillin, in combination with tazobactam, is frequently used in infants for treating nosocomial infections, although safety data in this population are limited. Electronic health record (EHR) data can be used to evaluate drug safety in infants, but measures of drug exposure are lacking. To relate simulated piperacillin exposure with adverse events (AEs) in infants using EHR data, we identified infants discharged from 333 neonatal intensive care units managed by the Pediatrix Medical Group between 1997 and 2012.

Late-onset Sepsis in Extremely Premature Infants: 2000-2011

Posted on by Kayla Korzekwinski

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal • August 2017

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Greenberg RG, Kandefer S, Do BT, Smith PB, Stoll BJ, Walsh MC, Bell EF, Carlo WA, Laptook AR, Sánchez PJ, Shankaran S, Van Meurs KP, Ball MB, Hale EC, Newman NS, Das A, Higgins RD, Cotton CM, for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health

Late-onset sepsis (LOS) is an important cause of death and neurodevelopmental impairment in premature infants. The purpose of this study was to assess overall incidence of LOS, distribution of LOS-causative organisms and center variation in incidence of LOS for extremely premature infants over time.

In-hospital outcomes of premature infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Posted on by Kayla Korzekwinski

Journal of Perinatology • July 2017

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Jackson W, Hornik CP, Messina J, Guglielmo K, Watwe A, Delancy G, Valdez A, MacAuthur T, Peter-Wohl S, Smith PB, Clark R, Laughon MM

This study characterized in-hospital outcomes of premature infants diagnosed with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). A majority of infants diagnosed with severe BPD were discharged home by 44 weeks of postmenstrual age. These results may inform discussions with families regarding the expected hospital course of infants diagnosed with severe BPD.

Timing of Multiorgan Dysfunction among Hospitalized Infants with Fatal Fulminant Sepsis

Posted on by Kayla Korzekwinski

American Journal of Perinatology • June 2017

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Wynn JL, Kelly MS, Benjamin DK, Clark RH, Greenberg R, Benjamin DK Jr, Smith PB

This study sought to identify the progression of specific signs of multiorgan dysfunction among infants with fatal sepsis. Hospitalized infants with fatal LOS manifest respiratory, cardiovascular, renal, immune, and hematologic dysfunction. Knowledge of these factors and their timing may be important for the development and testing of novel therapeutics to reduce sepsis mortality.