Read the caffeine citrate Results-at-a-Glance summary.

Almost all infants born at less than 29 weeks gestational age develop apnea of prematurity (AOP). Caffeine citrate is often used in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to treat AOP. However, the drug label for caffeine citrate was last updated by the FDA in 1999. This label recommends short-term use of the drug for premature infants 28 – 33 weeks gestational age, but caffeine citrate is frequently used in
infants born earlier. This study was needed to identify the association of caffeine citrate use and safety in infants less than 29 weeks gestational age and to bridge the gap in caffeine citrate’s label recommendations and current clinical practice.